Paraphrasing Exercise

1. Time is also described in Chassidism as the flux of ratzo v'shov -- a continual positive/negative oscillation of creative energy that drives all phenomena of the cosmos. Just as hearts beat, lungs inhale and exhale, energy pulsates in waves, particles vacillate between negative and positive states, so too the very substance of the cosmos continually oscillates between a state of being and not-being. This oscillation, as well, "precedes" Time as we know it. The essential continuum of Time in our world is the eventual manifestation of this higher form (Tzvi Freeman, http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/74335/jewish/What-is-Time.htm
© 2011, What is Time)

Paraphrase:

Freeman (2011) states that in Chassidism, Time can be defined as "the flux of ratzo v'shov", that is a postive and negative fluctuation of energy that makes up universal phenomena. The concept of how the universe fluctuates "between a state of being and not-being", is the same as how our lungs exhale and inhale air, how our hearts pump blood in and out, how energy can be produced in waves. This movement leads to how Time exists. In our world, this succession of Time is the effect of a higher form.

2. Why does creation necessitate ratzo v'shov? The standard explanation in Chassidism goes as follows: For anything to exist, two opposite processes are necessary. On the one hand, the object must be sustained by the will of its Creator. On the other, it must feel itself as a detached and distinct entity of its own. Ratzo v'shov is the artifact of this dynamic of conflict. In this way, it is the glue, or intermediary, between the creative force and the created being. In the words of Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch (the "Tzemach Tzedek", 1789-1866), Time is the intermediary between the cosmic soul and space. Time is the process of being, as opposed to the content of being ((Tzvi Freeman, http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/74335/jewish/What-is-Time.htm
© 2011, What is Time.

Paraphrase:

According to Freeman (2011), in Chassidism, there are standard explanations of why creation require ratzo v'shov:
Two opposite processes should take place for something to exist. The object should be
dependent on it's "creator", but at the same time, the object must feel that it is not related to its creator and has a sense of identity.
With that concept, ratzo v'shov is the object of this changing conflict. This means that it is the bridge of the "creative force" that connects to the "created being". As Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch (the "Tezemach Tzedek", 1789-1866) has stated, Time connects the "cosmic soul" and "space". Time is the means to existence, in  adversary of existing.